A hiccup is a common complaint, it occurs because of sudden contraction of the diaphragm. Most cases are harmless, with no cause found.

Common causes include:

1. Alcohol intake
2. Smoking
3. Over-feeding
4. Peptic ulcer
5. Strong emotions like stress, fear

Persistent cases of hiccups can be caused by

1. Kidney failure
2. Stomach ulcer
3. Lung infection
4. Asthma
5. Prostate cancer
6. Drugs like aldomet, steroids e.g. prednisolone

What you can do

1. Sip cold water
2. Hold your breath intermittently
3. Blow into a balloon
4. Sneeze voluntarily, leaning forward can help
5. Visit the doctor if the hiccups persist, or if you have been diagnosed with any of the listed causes.