Meningitis usually results from infection of the coverings of the brain called meninges. Occasionally it may be caused by cancer or chemicals (some drugs). Causes can be virus, bacteria, parasites etc.

The infection can enter the brain cover directly after a head injury. The infection may also reach the brain cover from an untreated ear infection, infection on the face or the throat. It may also spread to the brain covers directly from the blood (septicaemia).

What are the usual symptoms?

1. Fever
2. Headache
3. Vomiting
4. Neck pain or stiffness
5. Drowsiness, fainting or restlessness
6. Convulsions or abnormal uncontrolled body movements
7. Weakness
8. In babies, there may be excessive crying, vomiting, and convulsion. Parent may also notice a bulging fontanelle or soft spot ( the fontanelle or soft spot is the part of the baby’s skull that has a space and often beats)

Tests that may be recommended include;

1. A full blood count
2. Random blood sugar
3. Lumbar puncture may be done. This means withdrawing some of the fluid that surrounds the brain (called cerebrospinal fluid) for test. The fluid is withdrawn by putting a needle on the lower back. Culture and analysis tests are done on the fluid.
4. Infection work-up which may include culture of the blood, urine, stool or throat swab

Possible treatment

Meningitis requires hospital treatment. Your doctor may recommend intravenous antibiotics and other treatments as needed.

How may one prevent meningitis?

1. Ensure prompt treatment of infections especially those involving the ear or throat
2. There are vaccines against the common causes e.g. meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines.
3. If in contact with a person diagnosed with meningitis, visit a doctor for tests and preventive drugs
4. Avoid overcrowded places
5. Maintain a healthy lifestyle; eat well, rest well, do not smoke or abuse alcohol
6. Avoid abuse of controlled substances like cocaine